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LA TUTELA DELL’AMBIENTE IN COSTITUZIONE. SPERANZE DI RIFORMA

Written by  Mario Anzevino Dic 05, 2019

Starting from the recent intention of the Italian Prime Minister to include the environmental protection in the Italian Constitution, the article speaks about the lack of environmental protection in the Italian Constitution and analyzes the articles 2, 9 and 32 that – with an extensive interpretation – have guaranteed and guarantee an indirect constitutional protection to the environmental theme. An overview is given of the environmental safeguards present in more recent constitutions than the Italian one and in reformed constitutions of different geographical areas (South America, Africa, India, main European Countries), more in the European Treaties.  At the end the text presents an author’s proposal to reform the Italian Constitution to insert the environmental protection both in the Fundamental Principles (art. 9) and in the First Part concerning Rights and Duties of citizens (art. 32 and 54).

Mario Anzevino

Last modified on Lunedì, 10 Febbraio 2020 11:47

384857 comments

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    Преобразователь частоты (ПЧ) – это устройство, позволяющее плавно регулировать скорость вращения электродвигателя переменного тока путем изменения частоты и напряжения питающей сети. Это открывает широкие возможности для оптимизации работы оборудования и экономии электроэнергии.

    [b]Принцип работы[/b]

    Типовой ПЧ состоит из трех основных блоков: выпрямителя, звена постоянного тока и инвертора. Выпрямитель преобразует переменное напряжение сети в постоянное. Звено постоянного тока, как правило, содержит конденсаторы, сглаживающие пульсации напряжения. Инвертор формирует переменное напряжение требуемой частоты и амплитуды. Современные ПЧ используют широтно-импульсную модуляцию (ШИМ) для формирования выходного сигнала, что обеспечивает высокую точность регулирования и низкий уровень гармонических искажений.

    [b]Применение[/b]

    ПЧ широко применяются в различных отраслях промышленности:

    Насосы и вентиляторы: Регулирование производительности в зависимости от потребности позволяет значительно снизить энергопотребление.
    Конвейеры: Плавный пуск и регулирование скорости движения обеспечивают сохранность продукции и оптимизацию технологического процесса.
    Экструдеры и смесители: Точное поддержание заданной скорости вращения способствует повышению качества продукции.
    Станки: Обеспечение оптимальной скорости обработки различных материалов.

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    Диапазон регулирования частоты: Необходимо определить требуемый диапазон регулирования скорости вращения двигателя.
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    Правильный выбор и грамотная настройка ПЧ позволяют не только повысить эффективность работы оборудования, но и значительно сократить затраты на электроэнергию - [url=https://saumalkol.com/forum/%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85-%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85/16256-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.html]преобразователь напряжение частоты[/url]

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