Public fountains have always characterized the city, overcoming every functional aspect to take on the role of street furniture to facilitate the use of urban places usually destined for meeting and socializing. Having finished their original task, the fountains give completeness and organicity to different urban areas, useful for the recovery and improvement of the image of the historic city. In spite of that, when definitively freed from any functional tie, the fountains undergo transformations or transfers especially if their presence is incompatible with the urban changes to which the city is inevitably subject. Specifically in the city of Naples, in a millenary urban fabric very rich in extraordinary architectural value fountains, the question is even more complex because the fountains have rarely survived the urban transformations, and even less are those preserved today in the original places. As in no other ‘ancien regime’ great capital, the Neapolitan fountains have in fact accompanied the growth of the city from the viceregal period to the ‘Risanamento’ at the end of the nineteenth century; in particular, the paper analyses the events of the fountain of Neptune, built at the end of the sixteenth century and subject of an extraordinarily high number of movements and reintegrations in the space of over four centuries. Giuseppe Pignatelli
The cultural, social and administrative conditions that have accompanied the concept of «cultural heritage» over time are analyzed. I’m going to investigate the conditions that gave rise to the birth of the protection service in Italy, which later became a model for Europe. The origins can be traced back to the ancient Romans who, first, dictated provisions for the protection and intangibility of monuments. In the contemporary age, however, the first protection bodies come to life in the states that existed before the United Italy. In particular, reference will be made, in the Pontifical State, to the birth of the Consultative Commissions of Fine Arts, then translated into more complex and articulated structures in the current Italian State, with the establishment of the Superintendence for the Excavations of Antiquity for Rome and the provinces Roman. In the field of cultural heritage legislation, the Pontifical State of the nineteenth century occupies a prominent place compared to other states.
At present, one of the most important issues in the field of transforming urban contexts in an eco-oriented way is that of the open spaces environmental rehabilitation, which are complex systems able to take on the role of nodal elements within the city in ecological, user and environmental terms. The redevelopment of these spaces constitutes an added value for the urban fabric, especially in the presence of unfavourable environmental conditions or when the ecological balance is compromised, playing a significant role in the activation of revitalisation processes. The authors share this premise and propose a series of considerations centred on strategies for the renewal of urban open spaces according to a network logic, a theme that represents an area of research of great interest and that highlights the strategic role of the technological discipline in proposing tools aimed at guaranteeing the quality control of the product and the architectural process, emphasising the delicate balance between environmental protection and technological development. Rossella Franchino e Caterina Frettoloso
The essay presents a reflection on the economic and social potential that the Matese area can exercise by enhancing agricultural activities, environmental resources and tourist peculiarities for local development. The circular economy and its enhancement can help to increase employment, wealth and a more equitable distribution fitting social and local needs. To achieve this, it is necessary that the management of private and public resources does not compromise future generations, maintaining a high degree of «responsibility for the territory» and, therefore, preserving the natural spaces and varieties of species, controlling the use of non-renewable resources, reducing environmental pollution and promoting culture, as well as, the conservation and development of local values by improving social capital. Michele Mosca e Giulia Zoccolillo
Several unfinished buildings with only the reinforced concrete structural framework characterize the territory of many Italian regions. The reconversion or refurbishment of these structures is a topical issue, and represents a great opportunity: retrieve these buildings has the double advantage of avoiding other land consumption, where the need for new spaces is always growing, and providing a better future to a degraded urban context. The recovery design of these buildings requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving different skills where the structural component is fundamental. The retrofit of structures must achieve both static and seismic safety, considering that many of these buildings were built before the current seismic classification of the area where they are or before the issuance of the current seismic standards. In this context, the paper synthetically presents the main structural issues involved in the finishing and strengthening of unfinished structures and the different and multiple techniques of structural intervention that can be pursued. Giusppe Faella e Mariateresa Guadagnuolo
